2005 - Fredrikstad (Norway)

Place: Community

Season: Spring/Summer

Source: Cooling Tower

Considers biofilms: No

Treatment used prior to the outbreak: Facilities were not operating according to national guidelines

Actions in response to the outbreak: Facilities were closed


Clinical


Environmental


Match

Species/Serogroup

Lp1

Unknown

Sequence Type

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Monoclonal Antibody Type

Unknown

Unknown

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  References
Title Authors Journal Year More
Characterization of the extent of a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease by serological assays Simonsen O., Wedege E., Kanestrøm A., Bolstad K., Aaberge I.S., Ragnhildstveit E., Ringstad J. BMC Infectious Diseases 2015
Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease Phin N., Parry-Ford F., Harrison T., Stagg H.R., Zhang N., Kumar K., Lortholary O., Zumla A., Abubakar I. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2014
The application of geographic information systems and spatial data during Legionnaires' disease outbreak responses Bull M., Hall I.M., Leach S., Robesyn E. Eurosurveillance 2012