2016 - Dendermonde (Belgium)

Place: Community

Season: Spring/Summer

Source: Cooling Tower

Considers biofilms: No

Treatment used prior to the outbreak: Cooling towers followed suggested maintenance measures; A car wash had inadequate maintenance (defficiences in warm water storage and production)

Actions in response to the outbreak: Facilities were closed; Facilities were cleaned; Management procedures were adjusted to include regular bioshock treatments


Clinical


Environmental


Match

Species/Serogroup

Lp1

Lp1-14

Sequence Type

ST18

Unknown

Possible match

Monoclonal Antibody Type

Unknown

Unknown

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  References
Title Authors Journal Year More
A cluster of Legionnaires' disease in Belgium linked to a cooling tower, August-September 2016: Practical approach and challenges Hammami N., Laisnez V., Wybo I., Uvijn D., Broucke C., Van Damme A., Van Zandweghe L., Bultynck W., Temmerman W., Van De Ginste L., Moens T., Robesyn E. Epidemiology and Infection 2019