2014 - Michigan (USA)

Place: Community

Season: Spring/Summer

Source: Water System

Considers biofilms: Yes

Treatment used prior to the outbreak: Unknown

Actions in response to the outbreak: Change in water source


Clinical


Environmental


Match

Species/Serogroup

L. pneumophila

L. pneumophila; L. spp; Lp1

Sequence Type

Unknown

Unknown

Possible match

Monoclonal Antibody Type

Unknown

Pontiac

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  References
Title Authors Journal Year More
Distribution System Operational Deficiencies Coincide with Reported Legionnaires' Disease Clusters in Flint, Michigan Rhoads W.J., Garner E., Ji P., Zhu N., Parks J., Schwake D.O., Pruden A., Edwards M.A. Environmental Science and Technology 2017
Multiple sources of the outbreak of legionnaires’ disease in Genesee County, Michigan, in 2014 and 2015 Smith A.F., Huss A., Dorevitch S., Heijnen L., Arntzen V.H., Davies M., van Beest Holle M.R.-D.R., Fujita Y., Verschoor A.M., Raterman B., Oesterholt F., Heederik D., Medema G. Environmental Health Perspectives 2019