2010 - Michigan (USA)

Place: Military Base

Season: Spring/Summer

Source: Cooling Tower

Considers biofilms: Yes

Treatment used prior to the outbreak: Lack of adequate maintenance (no detectable biocide); High temperatures favoured growth; Proximity to fresh-air intakes and public areas

Actions in response to the outbreak: Unknown


Clinical


Environmental


Match

Species/Serogroup

Lp1

Lp1, Lp4

Sequence Type

ST222

ST222

Match

Monoclonal Antibody Type

Knoxville

Knoxville

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  References
Title Authors Journal Year More
Large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever at a military base Ambrose J., Hampton L.M., Fleming-Dutra K.E., Marten C., McClusky C., Perry C., Clemmons N.A., McCormic Z., Peik S., Mancuso J., Brown E., Kozak N., Travis T., Lucas C., Fields B., Hicks L., Cersovsky S.B. Epidemiology and Infection 2014
Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water and other nonrecreational water - United States, 2009-2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013